:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --ink: #24292f;
  --muted: #636c76;
  --line: #dce1e5;
  --blue: #2c659a;
  --paper: #fff;
  --soft: #f7f8fa;
}
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 24px;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family:
    -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Noto Sans CJK SC",
    "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.95;
}
a {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
a:focus-visible,
[tabindex]:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--blue);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}
/* Report layout and typography */
.report {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 0 36px;
}
.prose {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.masthead {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 20px 0 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.masthead a {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 650;
}
/* Header and language controls */
.masthead-right {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 18px;
}
.language-switch {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.language-switch button {
  appearance: none;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: white;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1;
  padding: 9px 11px;
  min-height: 32px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.language-switch button + button {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.language-switch button[aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: var(--blue);
  color: white;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.language-switch button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--ink);
  outline-offset: -3px;
}
html:lang(en) .abstract p {
  text-align: left;
}

.title-block {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 57px 0 27px;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 38px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 680;
}
h1 > span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.subtitle {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  margin: 16px 0 10px;
}
.resource-links {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 22px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.abstract {
  padding: 23px 0 27px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.abstract h2 {
  font-size: 17px;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  text-align: center;
}
.abstract p {
  margin: 0;
  text-align: justify;
}
.contents {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 25px;
  padding: 19px 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.contents a {
  color: var(--muted);
}
section {
  padding-top: 40px;
}
h2 {
  font-size: 25px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}
h2 .section-number {
  margin-right: 12px;
  color: #6c747e;
  font-weight: 450;
}
h3 {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 650;
  margin: 27px 0 10px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
p {
  margin: 12px 0 16px;
}
strong {
  font-weight: 650;
}
code {
  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.87em;
  background: #f3f5f7;
  padding: 2px 4px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
/* Figures and diagrams */
.figure {
  margin: 27px auto 29px;
}
.figure-scroll {
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 5px 0;
}
.figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  min-width: 680px;
}
.figure figcaption {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin: 13px auto 0;
  max-width: 800px;
}
.figure figcaption strong {
  color: var(--ink);
}
.chart-figure {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-top: 22px;
}
.figure-heading {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.pipeline {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 24px 1fr 24px 1.2fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 27px 23px;
  background: var(--soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.pipeline .step {
  border: 1px solid #cfd5db;
  background: #fff;
  padding: 14px 12px;
  text-align: center;
}
.step strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.step span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 5px;
}
.arrow {
  text-align: center;
  color: #7a8590;
}
.context-note {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}
/* E2E and stepwise supervision */
.method-diagram {
  --connector-color: #8b9ba8;

  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 24px;
  background: #fcfcfd;
}
.method-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
}
.method-lane {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
}
.method-heading {
  min-height: 76px;
  text-align: center;
  padding-bottom: 16px;
}
.method-heading h4 {
  margin: 0 0 3px;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.method-heading > span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}
.method-flow {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.method-box {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #ccd3da;
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 13px;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.method-box > strong {
  display: block;
}
.method-box small {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.method-input {
  font-weight: 600;
}
.method-task {
  border-color: #b8ccdc;
  background: #f3f7fb;
}
.method-task > strong {
  color: var(--blue);
}
.e2e-task {
  padding: 24px 12px;
}
.identity-result {
  border-top: 1px solid #d5e1eb;
  padding-top: 8px;
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-size: 12px;
}
/* Shared line and arrowhead styles for the decision and continuation paths. */
.identity-outcomes::before,
.identity-outcomes::after,
.identity-outcome::before,
.identity-outcome::after,
.valid-continuation::before,
.flow-arrow::before,
.flow-arrow::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
}
.identity-outcome::after,
.flow-arrow::after {
  left: calc(50% - 3px);
  border-left: 3.5px solid transparent;
  border-right: 3.5px solid transparent;
  border-top: 6px solid var(--connector-color);
}
.identity-outcomes {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  padding-top: 24px;
}
.identity-outcomes::before {
  top: 12px;
  left: calc(25% - 3px);
  right: calc(25% - 3px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--connector-color);
}
.identity-outcomes::after {
  top: 0;
  left: 50%;
  height: 12px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--connector-color);
}
.identity-outcome {
  position: relative;
  padding: 10px 7px;
  font-size: 12px;
}
.identity-outcome::before {
  top: -13px;
  left: 50%;
  height: 12px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--connector-color);
}
.identity-outcome::after {
  top: -6px;
}
.identity-valid > strong {
  color: var(--blue);
}
.identity-null {
  background: #faf6f0;
  border-color: #d4bfa5;
}
.identity-null > strong {
  color: #84613b;
}
.identity-null code {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 4px;
  background: transparent;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.valid-continuation {
  position: relative;
  height: 28px;
}
.valid-continuation::before {
  top: 0;
  left: calc(25% - 3px);
  width: calc(25% + 3px);
  height: 14px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--connector-color);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--connector-color);
}
.valid-continuation > .flow-arrow {
  height: 14px;
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.method-output {
  border-color: #9fb6c9;
}
.method-output code {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.flow-arrow {
  position: relative;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  height: 26px;
  color: var(--connector-color);
}
.flow-arrow::before {
  left: 50%;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 5px;
  border-left: 1px solid currentColor;
}
.flow-arrow::after {
  bottom: 0;
}
.flow-arrow-long {
  flex: 1;
  min-height: 40px;
}
.task-branches {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px;
}
.task-branches .method-box {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 10px 4px;
  font-size: 12px;
}
.branch-connector {
  display: block;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 24px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--connector-color);
  stroke-width: 1;
}
.branch-connector .connector-head {
  fill: var(--connector-color);
  stroke: none;
}
.branch-context {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 0;
}
.mix-note {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 12px;
  border-top: 1px dashed #ccd3da;
  padding-top: 16px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  color: var(--blue);
}
.equation {
  padding: 17px 15px;
  margin: 22px 0;
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--soft);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.equation .eq-note {
  display: block;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 4px;
}
/* Tables */
.table-scroll {
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 20px 0 10px;
}
table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
caption {
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 11px;
}
th,
td {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e8eb;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}
thead {
  border-top: 2px solid #636c76;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #9ca5ad;
}
thead th {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #454e58;
  background: #fafbfc;
}
tbody th {
  font-weight: 450;
}
.num {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
#ranking {
  white-space: nowrap;
}
#ranking td,
#ranking th {
  vertical-align: middle;
}
#ranking small {
  display: block;
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.ours {
  background: #f1f6fa;
}
.ours th,
.ours .num:first-of-type {
  font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--blue);
}
.table-note {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.85;
}
.task-table {
  min-width: 780px;
  table-layout: fixed;
}
.task-table .task-name-column {
  width: 26%;
}
.task-table .task-input-column {
  width: 32%;
}
.task-table .task-target-column {
  width: 42%;
}
.task-table caption {
  font-size: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.task-table th,
.task-table td {
  padding: 14px 16px;
}
.task-table tbody th {
  font-weight: 600;
}
.task-table td {
  color: #454e58;
}
.task-table .task-e2e {
  background: #f3f7fb;
}
.task-table .task-e2e th {
  color: var(--blue);
}
.data-table {
  min-width: 700px;
}
.config-table th {
  width: 29%;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.config-table td {
  color: #454e58;
}
.findings {
  padding-left: 22px;
}
.findings li {
  padding-left: 3px;
  margin: 9px 0;
}
/* Footer and skip link */
.footer {
  margin-top: 44px;
  padding: 20px 0 35px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
}
.skip {
  position: fixed;
  top: -70px;
  left: 20px;
  background: #fff;
  z-index: 20;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.skip:focus {
  top: 10px;
}
/* Responsive and print layouts */
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.9;
  }
  .report {
    padding: 0 19px;
  }
  .masthead {
    align-items: flex-start;
    font-size: 10px;
  }
  .masthead-right {
    gap: 7px 12px;
  }
  .language-switch button {
    padding: 9px 10px;
  }
  .title-block {
    padding: 38px 0 22px;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size: 32px;
  }
  h1 > span {
    font-size: 21px;
  }
  .subtitle {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
  .resource-links {
    gap: 10px 18px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }
  .abstract {
    padding-top: 14px;
  }
  .abstract p {
    text-align: left;
  }
  .contents {
    gap: 7px 17px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }
  section {
    padding-top: 32px;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 23px;
  }
  h3 {
    font-size: 17px;
  }
  .pipeline {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding: 20px;
    gap: 7px;
  }
  .pipeline .arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }
  .pipeline .step {
    padding: 10px;
  }
  .figure {
    margin: 23px auto;
  }
  .method-diagram {
    padding: 14px;
  }
  .method-columns {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }
  .method-lane + .method-lane {
    padding-top: 22px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .method-heading {
    min-height: 0;
  }
  .flow-arrow-long {
    flex: none;
  }
  .task-branches {
    gap: 5px;
  }
  .mix-note {
    text-align: left;
  }
  .equation {
    font-size: 16px;
  }
  .config-table {
    min-width: 540px;
  }
  .footer {
    font-size: 10px;
  }
  .figure-heading {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
  .figure-scroll:after {
    content: attr(data-scroll-hint);
    display: block;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 11px;
    padding-top: 8px;
  }
  th,
  td {
    padding: 9px 10px;
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}
@media print {
  .report {
    max-width: none;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .contents,
  .resource-links,
  .language-switch,
  .skip {
    display: none;
  }
  section {
    padding-top: 20px;
  }
  .figure,
  table {
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
  .figure img {
    min-width: 0;
  }
  a {
    color: inherit;
  }
  .table-scroll,
  .figure-scroll {
    overflow: visible;
  }
  body {
    font-size: 11pt;
  }
  .title-block {
    padding-top: 20px;
  }
}